Infancy

  ▪ What are the major areas of the human brain and how do they develop during infancy? How does experience and stress affect the development of these brain areas during infancy? ▪ Define: Head-sparing, brain-stem, midbrain, cortex, prefrontal cortex, neuron, dendrite, synapses, neurotransmitter, transient exuberance, pruning ▪ What are self-aware/self-conscious emotions and when do we develop them? Why are they important for us to have when we are children? ▪ Define: Self-awareness, mirror recognition test ▪ Know: Different types of self-conscious emotions (pride, shame, anger, embarrassment, disgust, guilt) ▪ Why is synchrony important to the development of our brain and social skills early on in our lives? ▪ Define: synchrony; still-face experiment ▪ What is attachment and how does it develop? What is the difference between secure, insecure avoidant, insecure anxious/ambivalent, and insecure preoccupied attachment? How are these attachment styles affected by our experiences with close partners? ▪ Define: Attachment; Strange situation test; secure attachment; insecure avoidant attachment; insecure anxious/ambivalent/resistant attachment; insecure preoccupied attachment; ▪ What is Reactive Attachment Disorder? How can children develop it through their experiences with others? How does it affect them over time? ▪ Define: Reactive Attachment Disorder ▪ According to Jean Piaget’s theory, how do children develop their understanding of the world during the sensorimotor period? ▪ Define: Sensorimotor intelligence; object permanence ▪ How do infants and young children develop their language skills early on? What is “supposed” to happen in language development, according to the Universal Sequence of language development? ▪ Define: Babbling; holophrase; naming explosion; grammar