Abnormality

The following post has two assignments namely;

1.Abnormality

Deviation from social norms is one of the standard definitions of abnormality. Social norms are the accepted behaviours within a given society. There are specific unwritten rules that individual in the community believe that the general public is meant to follow, and people that deviate from this rues are said to be acting abnormally. Examples include not smoking marijuana in public, males wearing masculine clothing and females wearing feminine clothing, being polite to people and helping women and helping seniors to open the door. Another common definition of abnormality is deviation from ideal mental health. Jahoda (1999) argues that, it is better to define abnormality in terms of gaining full knowledge into what normal behaviours is instead of abnormal. According to Johada (1999), mental health can be identified by six criteria. Being in contact with one's character and emotions, protection from stress, concentration on the future and self-actualisation, Capacity as a self-sufficient individual and perceive their own needs, have a precise impression of reality, and be neither excessively skeptical nor excessively idealistic and have the capacity to master the environment and adjust to changes (Johada, 1999). However, social norms may be dissimilar to other cultures. For example, most Africans believe that people are meant to misbehave when they are young, and the only way to get rid of this behaviour is by punishments and also by smacking. It is different with western culture; it might be considered as a child having ADHD after a thorough investigation by Clinician. A limitation with defining abnormality as a deviation from social norms is that criminal behaviour such as clowning someone’s credit card is considered to be a fraudulent act but not psychology abnormality. Also, what was believed to be abnormal 30 years ago may not be unusual in the current society, therefore making social norms to vary with time. Besides, behaviours need to be studied carefully to determine if it is abnormal. Seligman and Rosenhan (1998) argue that It is virtually inconceivable for any person to accomplish the majority of the perfect qualities regularly. Also, being able to adapt to a certain situation and not suffering from the adverse effects is an ideal condition of psychological well-being. Although stress can be useful sometimes, for example, athletes, actors and actresses perform better under a certain degree of tension; this can also be described as “eustress”. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) starts at an early age, and it is more noticeable when a child starts school. Research shows that children are usually diagnosed by the age of seven, and the symptoms are likely to follow them into adulthood if appropriate attention is not given. It is more common in boys than girls and statistics show that 2 percent to 5percent of school-aged children may have the condition. Symptoms of ADHD in children and adults include: being distracted by irrelevant things, failure to finish school assignments or house chores, being forgetful and losing things, trouble taking turns or jumping queues, making careless mistakes, difficulty developing or maintaining relationships, not listening when being spoken to directly, poor organisational skills. All the examples above can be found in children, adolescents and adults. However, a child might acquire all the example listed above but does not having the disorder. Before the child can be diagnosed with ADHD, there has to be an intense investigation by a clinician, and they must conclude wether this condition affect social life, education and job-related issues. If a child reaches all these symptoms and does not have ADHD, caregivers should find a further explanation of the cause of the behaviours. Furthermore, some people might describe this as being “spirited”. In addition, It might be the case of the child not eating healthy meals or not exercising. ( ) argue the child may be suffering from an anxiety disorder or learning disabilities. According to ( ), there are no exact causes of ADHD, but there are factors that are considered to be responsible. Biederman (1990 cited in Diamond, 2005) research found that there is a possibility that ADHD move from one generation to the other. The study also found that 25 percent of immediate families of diagnosed child had ADHD. Therefore making the chance of other relatives developing ADHD high. However, if ADHD is genetic, adopted children for expample will have some things in common with their original parents rather than their adopted family members. Further research investigated the comparison between hyperactivity with adoptive children to their original parents and adopted parents. The result was that children that are hyperactive looked like their natural parents more than their new parents. Deviation from social norms is one of the standard definitions of abnormality. Social norms are the accepted behaviours within a given society. There are specific unwritten rules that individual in the community believe that the general public is meant to follow, and people that deviate from this rues are said to be acting abnormally. Examples include not smoking marijuana in public, males wearing masculine clothing and females wearing feminine clothing, being polite to people and helping women and helping seniors to open the door. Another common definition of abnormality is deviation from ideal mental health. Jahoda (1999) argues that, it is better to define abnormality in terms of gaining full knowledge into what normal behaviours is instead of abnormal. According to Johada (1999), mental health can be identified by six criteria. Being in contact with one's character and emotions, protection from stress, concentration on the future and self-actualisation, Capacity as a self-sufficient individual and perceive their own needs, have a precise impression of reality, and be neither excessively skeptical nor excessively idealistic and have the capacity to master the environment and adjust to changes (Johada, 1999). However, social norms may be dissimilar to other cultures. For example, most Africans believe that people are meant to misbehave when they are young, and the only way to get rid of this behaviour is by punishments and also by smacking. It is different with western culture; it might be considered as a child having ADHD after a thorough investigation by Clinician. A limitation with defining abnormality as a deviation from social norms is that criminal behaviour such as clowning someone’s credit card is considered to be a fraudulent act but not psychology abnormality. Also, what was believed to be abnormal 30 years ago may not be unusual in the current society, therefore making social norms to vary with time. Besides, behaviours need to be studied carefully to determine if it is abnormal. Seligman and Rosenhan (1998) argue that It is virtually inconceivable for any person to accomplish the majority of the perfect qualities regularly. Also, being able to adapt to a certain situation and not suffering from the adverse effects is an ideal condition of psychological well-being. Although stress can be useful sometimes, for example, athletes, actors and actresses perform better under a certain degree of tension; this can also be described as “eustress”. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) starts at an early age, and it is more noticeable when a child starts school. Research shows that children are usually diagnosed by the age of seven, and the symptoms are likely to follow them into adulthood if appropriate attention is not given. It is more common in boys than girls and statistics show that 2 percent to 5percent of school-aged children may have the condition. Symptoms of ADHD in children and adults include: being distracted by irrelevant things, failure to finish school assignments or house chores, being forgetful and losing things, trouble taking turns or jumping queues, making careless mistakes, difficulty developing or maintaining relationships, not listening when being spoken to directly, poor organisational skills. All the examples above can be found in children, adolescents and adults. However, a child might acquire all the example listed above but does not having the disorder. Before the child can be diagnosed with ADHD, there has to be an intense investigation by a clinician, and they must conclude wether this condition affect social life, education and job-related issues. If a child reaches all these symptoms and does not have ADHD, caregivers should find a further explanation of the cause of the behaviours. Furthermore, some people might describe this as being “spirited”. In addition, It might be the case of the child not eating healthy meals or not exercising. ( ) argue the child may be suffering from an anxiety disorder or learning disabilities. According to ( ), there are no exact causes of ADHD, but there are factors that are considered to be responsible. Biederman (1990 cited in Diamond, 2005) research found that there is a possibility that ADHD move from one generation to the other. The study also found that 25 percent of immediate families of diagnosed child had ADHD. Therefore making the chance of other relatives developing ADHD high. However, if ADHD is genetic, adopted children for expample will have some things in common with their original parents rather than their adopted family members. Further research investigated the comparison between hyperactivity with adoptive children to their original parents and adopted parents. The result was that children that are hyperactive looked like their natural parents more than their new parents. A lot of researchers argue that there is not an actual cause of depression but there are certain things that can be considered to identity depression. An individual may be experiencing a difficult situation for a prolonged period, when for example someone loses their job for an extended period , this circumstance can trigger depression in someone that is at risk of getting it, due to bad experience or personal issues. Furthermore, depression may run in the family, this may increase the possibility of genetic risks. Although, if a family member have depression, it does not warrant an extended member of the family to have the same issue. However, if conditions and other individual elements are liable to have a vital impact on an individual. Also, drug and alcohol misuse can prompt and lead to depression. people who misuse drug and alcohol are at risk of depression and depression can also prompt an individual to use drugs and alcohol which will eventually have a bad effect on them. Furthermore, some medication that is being prescribed nowadays have negative side effects on individuals’ life. For example, methylphenidate is one of the five licensed medications for ADHD. One of the common side effect for this medication is that it leads to depression, this implies that the use of certain medication can lead to depression. Although, everyone is different, what may have a bad effect on one person can work absolutely well for another person. It is crucial to understand that it is not easy to know the cause of depression or to change difficult situation that one is facing at the moment in time. The best way to tackle this is to be more aware of the surrounding, eating healthy meals, checking the side effects of any medication before consumption and staying away from drugs and and alcohol. However, reasonable amount like one or two units of alcohol is recommended by health professionals but too much of it is bad.

2.Movie review

write a movie review about recently movie “The Post” directed by Steven Spielberg