2. Fill in the table below with the appropriate terms. (3 marks)
Name of a structure is directional term to Name of the second structure
Example -trapezius is proximal to pectoralis major
diaphragm is superior to
is inferior to scalenes
rectus abdominis is anterior to
is distal to biceps femoris
pectoralis minor is medial to
is lateral to external oblique
3. For the following diagrams, identify the muscle and its actions. (12 marks – 2 marks per muscle)
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
4. Which of the following statements are true of the neuromuscular junction? (Read carefully and select all the correct statements.) (1 mark)
A. A synapse is the space between two muscle fibers.
B. Acetylcholine is released from vesicles in the sarcolemma.
C. The axon terminal is the end of a sensory neuron.
D. Acetylcholine makes the sarcolemma more permeable to calcium ions.
E. Cholinesterase is an enzyme that destroys acetylcholine so that the impulse will continue at the same strength.
F. The receptors for acetylcholine are in the sarcolemma.
5. Which of the following statements are true of the locations and functions of muscles? (Read carefully and select all the correct statements.) (4 marks)
A. The masseter lowers the maxilla.
B. The gluteus maximus flexes the thigh.
C. The biceps brachii flexes the forearm.
D. The tibialis anterior plantar flexes the foot.
E. The orbicularis oris opens the mouth.
F. The external obliques help laterally flex the vertebral column.
G. The hamstring group extends the thigh at the hip.
H. The trapezius raises the shoulder.
6. Which of the following statements are true of the locations and functions of muscles? (Read carefully and select all the correct statements.) (2 marks)
A. The masseter raises the maxilla.
B. The gluteus medius abducts the thigh.
C. The triceps brachii flexes the forearm.
D. The gastrocnemius dorsiflexes the foot.
E. The orbicularis oculi opens the eye.
F. The rectus abdominis extends the vertebral column.
G. The sternocleidomastoids flex the head and neck.
H. The quadriceps femoris group extends the thigh at the hip.
Credits
• “Anatomy and Physiology I Lab” by Victoria Vidal under Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 https://www.oercommons.org/authoring/59397-anatomy-and-physiology-i-lab
• Human Anatomy Lab Manual by Malgosia Wilk-Blaszczak is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.
• All diagrams retrieved from Encyclopædia Britannica ImageQuest.