behavior analysis

behavior analysis Order Description - Choose the correct answer for each question by circling the letter of your answer choice. 1-Which best exemplifies continuous reinforcement? a. A vending machine is always on b. Receiving a pay check every two weeks c. Reading a book d. Providing a treat every time your dog urinates outside 2-Which of these are intermittent schedules of reinforcement? a. Fixed Ratio and Variable Ratio b. Fixed Interval and Variable Interval c. Only Variable Ratio and Variable Interval d. A and B 3- What does is true of ratio and interval schedule? a. In ratio schedules, a number of responses is required before a response produces reinforcement. In interval schedules, a specific amount of time elapses before a response produced reinforcement. b. They do not occur naturally in the environment c. They do not produce predictable patterns of responding d. None of these 4-In which scenario would it be best to use differential reinforcement of low rates (DRL)? a. Person engages in severe physical aggression b. Person raises their hand too much in class c. Dog urinates in the house about 3 times a day d. Studying for a test 5-Hernstein (1961) found that rate of responding typically is proportional to the rate of reinforcement received from each choice alternative. This is known as: The Equivalent Law The Law of Reinforcement Distribution The Matching Law All of the above. 6-Which is correct about discriminative stimuli (SD) and stimulus deltas (S?)? a. An SD signals the availability of a specific reinforcer and an S? signals the unavailability of a specific reinforcer b. The saliency of SDs and S?s cannot be changed c. These are not related to stimulus control d.These do not occur in the natural environment 7-Which is the best example of stimulus generalization? a. A boy has learned to shake hands with others. Mom takes him to the grocery store and he says “hi” to everyone by waving. b. You and your friend have the same phone. Her phone rings and you do not pick it up. c. You only know how to use the dishwasher in your home d. You changed your ringtone in the morning and answer the phone when it rings an hour later 8- Which best exemplifies increasing saliency of a stimulus? a. Increasing the volume of your alarm b. Turning off the lights in an empty room c. Decorating a Christmas tree d. Sharpening a pencil 9-Which is least-to-most prompting? a. Physical guidance, modeling, verbal instructions b. Shaping, CRF, Intermittent reinforcement c. Verbal instructions, modeling, physical guidance d. FR10, FR5, FR1 10- Which is the best definition of shaping? a. A stimulus in the presence of which responses of some type have been reinforced b. Differentially reinforcing successive approximations toward a terminal behavior c. Using conditioned reinforcement in the form of auditory stimulus d. A stimulus change that functions as a reinforcer because of prior pairing with one or more other reinforcers 11-What is differential reinforcement? a. When two different behaviors occur in two different settings b. Some members of a response class are reinforced and other members of that response class are not reinforced c. When one person provides reinforcement for one behavior and another person provides reinforcement for another behavior d. When one schedule of reinforcement is applied to one behavior and one schedule of reinforcement is applied to another behavior 12- Which is an example of shaping a behavior? a. Teaching a child to not tantrum at a store b. Teaching lifeguards to throw lifesavers to victims by gradually increasing distance between lifeguard and victim c. Brushing teeth d. Getting dressed and undressed 13-Which dimensions of behavior can be shaped? a. Topography, frequency, and latency b. Duration and amplitude c. Successive approximations and terminal behavior d. Both a and b 14- What is/are limitation(s) of shaping? a. Can be time consuming b. Progress is not always linear; may be erratic c. Requires a skillful trainer d. All of the above 15- How can you increase the efficiency of shaping? a. Combine with an SD b. Use punishment c. Watch a video on it d. Use extinction 16- What is true of a behavior chain? a. It is a specific sequence of discrete responses b. Each response in the chain serves as a conditioned reinforcer for the response that produced it c. Each response in the chain serves as a discriminative stimulus for the next response in the chain d. All of the above 17- What is true of a behavior chain? a. A sequence of behaviors that must be performed correctly and within a specified time to produce reinforcement b. Emphasizes both accuracy and proficiency c. Behaviors must occur in sequence and in close temporal succession d. All of the above 18- What is typically used to measure behavior chains? a. Duration b. Task analysis c. Reinforcement d. None of these 19- Which best exemplifies forward chaining? a. Teaching a student to write their first and last name beginning with the first name b. Teaching a student to write their name beginning with the last letter c. You can’t teach a student to write their name using forward chaining d. Teaching a student to write their name beginning with the first letter 20- Which best exemplifies total task chaining? a. Training is provided for every behavior in the sequence of toothbrushing b. A clicker sounds right before the reinforcer is presented c. Prompts are provided only on the first behavior in the sequence d. Prompts are provided only on the last behavior in the sequence 21- What does the term extinction mean? a. A procedure where the schedule of reinforcement is thinned b. A procedure in which reinforcement is provided on every occurrence of the behavior c. A procedure in which reinforcement of a previously reinforced behavior is discontinued d. When you run out of reinforcement 22- The effectiveness of extinction is dependent primarily on: a. The identification of reinforcing consequences and consistent application of the procedure b. Thinning the schedule of reinforcement c. Antecedent stimulus and consequences d. Discriminative stimulus and stimulus deltas 23- What would extinction for a tantrum maintained by access to toys look like? a. Teacher says, “get your lunchbox,” student tantrums, teacher send student to lunch b. Teacher says, “do 3 problems,” student tantrums, teacher gives student 1 min break c. Child puts toys in mouth, mom takes away toy and gives him chew tube d. Mom says, “no,” child tantrums, mom does not give child toy 24- What is the term for “an immediate increase in the frequency of the response after the removal of the positive, negative, or automatic reinforcement.” a. Extinction b. Extinction burst c. Reflexive aggression d. Spontaneous recovery 25- What should you tell your clients/clients’ families before beginning an extinction procedure? a. Problem behaviors can worsen during extinction before they show improvement b. Extinction is an easy procedure; consistency is not necessary c. The behavior will immediately decrease and then be eliminated forever d. This is a last-resort procedure and you have been approved to implement this procedure 26- Behavior that continues to occur during extinction is said to: a. Be recently learned b. Be extinguished c. Have better resistance to extinction than behavior that diminishes more quickly d. All of the above 27-Which is true about resistance to extinction? a. Intermittent reinforcement may produce behavior with greater resistance to extinction than the resistance produced by continuous reinforcement b. Some intermittent schedules may produce more resistant behaviors than others c. To a degree, the thinner the intermittent schedule of reinforcement is the greater the resistance to extinction will be d. All of the above 28- Which best exemplifies unintentional extinction? a. A child throws tantrums for his mom’s attention. He is taught to say “mama” when he wants his mother’s attention. He no longer tantrums. b. Your coworker brings your favorite Starbucks drink for you every Friday. You have been in meetings the last few Fridays when she arrives with the drinks, so she leaves the drink on your desk and you are unable to thank her. One Friday, she stops bringing you your favorite drink. c. You start to read a book and it is boring. You decide to return it to the library. d. Your phone rings while you’re in the bathroom. When you get out, you call the person who was trying to reach you. 29-What does differential reinforcement for problem behaviors look like? a. Reinforcing a behavior other than problem behavior b. Reinforcing a reduced rate of problem behavior c. Reinforcement + extinction d. All of the above. 30- Which differential reinforcement procedure is exemplified in this scenario: a. Reinforce sitting in seat with praise + guiding the student back to his seat when he gets out of his seat a. Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior (DRI) b. Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior (DRA) c. Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior (DRO) d.Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates of Responding (DRL) 31- Which differential reinforcement procedure is exemplified in this scenario: Reinforce using words to ask for toys + restricting access to after physical aggression a. Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior (DRI) b. Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior (DRA) c. Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior (DRO) d. Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates of Responding (DRL) 32- Which differential reinforcement procedure is exemplified in this scenario: . Reinforce shaking hands with 3 or less people in the grocery store a. Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior (DRI) b. Differential Reinforcement of Alternative Behavior (DRA) c. Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior (DRO) d. Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates of Responding (DRL)