Distinction between healthcare as a private benefit

What is the distinction between healthcare as a private benefit and healthcare as a private choice? How does this distinction impact political decisions about healthcare by politicians and voters? What is the difference between distributive and commutative justice? How do desert and need factor in ethical decisions about health care? What are the key features of market ethics? What kind of system is the NHS? What are its distinctive features? What kind of healthcare system is the US have? What kind of system does Australia have?