Two drugs (A, B) are compared for the medical treatment of duodenal ulcer. For this purpose, patients are carefully matched with regard to age, gender, and clinical condition. The treatment results based on 200 matched pairs show that for 89 matched pairs both treatments are effective; for 90 matched pairs both treatments are ineffective; for 5 matched pairs drug A is effective, whereas drug B is ineffective; and for 16 matched pairs drug B is effective, whereas drug A is ineffective.
1 What test procedure can be used to assess the results?
2 Perform the test in Problem 1, and report a p-value. In the same study, if the focus is on the 100 matched pairs con- sisting of male patients, then the following results are obtained: for 52 matched pairs both drugs are effective; for 35 matched pairs both drugs are ineffective; for 4 matched pairs drug A is effective, whereas drug B is ineffective; and for 9 matched pairs drug B is effective, whereas drug A is ineffective.
3 How many concordant pairs are there among the male matched pairs?
4 How many discordant pairs are there among the male matched pairs?
5 Perform a significance test to assess any differ-ences in effectiveness between the drugs among males. Report a p-value.