History of western civilization

Choose ONE of the following topics 1. Explain how anti-Semitism developed, despite advancements made by Western European Jews following the French Revolution. How did politicians play a role in intensifying feelings of anti-Semitism? 2. Why did many late-nineteenth century writers exhibit hostility toward women? What led to such a viewpoint? How did women challenge those stereotypes? 3. Why was the nineteenth century such a difficult period for Christian churches? What challenges did they face as Europe made advances in other areas? 4. What roles did science play in the second half of the 1800s?