Hypertension management guidelines

Patient Profile: John, a 62-year-old Caucasian man, presents to his primary care physician for a
routine check-up. This is the second consecutive appointment where his blood pressure
readings have been elevated. John has recently been diagnosed with hypertension. He also has
type 2 diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia, both of which are well-controlled with medication.
He leads a sedentary lifestyle and has a BMI of 31.4. His blood pressure readings consistently
hover around 150/90 mmHg despite his current antihypertensive regimen.
Case Scenario: John’s physician initiates a review of his hypertension management to align with
the latest guidelines and improve his blood pressure control.
Questions:
1. According to the latest hypertension management guidelines, what are the key lifestyle
modifications recommended for patients like John with poorly controlled blood pressure
despite medication?
2. What would be the pharmacological treatment as per the latest guidelines for this
patient who has been newly diagnosed hypertension and comorbidities such as type 2
diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia?
3. How can home blood pressure monitoring complement clinic-based measurements in
the management of hypertension, and what are the key principles for patients to follow
when monitoring their blood pressure at home?
4. In addition to blood pressure control, what other aspects of John’s cardiovascular risk
need to be addressed, and how can a comprehensive risk assessment guide his
management according to the latest guidelines?