Write a literature review chapter. By using the newest relevant references and articles and covering all the topics such as 1) open innovation (background, definitions, and factors) in the public sector, and include (in the health sector in general, and in the UAE); 2) value concept (value capture and value creation) including definitions, value perspectives (value exchange and value use); 3) innovative business model; 4) processes and mechanisms for value creation and value capture in the open innovation system; 5)stakeholders management; 6) capabilities and resources.