Math/Physic/Economic/Statistic Problems

  Less than a decade ago, atmospheric carbon-dioxide concentration was around 300 ppm. Currently, environmental CO2 concentration is approaching 400 ppm. Higher CO2 levels raise the dissolved CO2 concentration in seawater per Reaction 1 below. a). What happens to the pH of seawater as CO2 atmospheric levels rise? Explain why. b) Calculate the pH of seawater (initially at pH = 7) at CO2 atmospheric levels of 300 and 400 ppm. Is this change important environmentally? c) At 400 ppm atmospheric CO2, calculate the total CO2 concentration dissolved in seawater in ALL forms. How much total CO2 is dissolved in the oceans reported as mass of carbon? Table 1. Carbonate Speciation in Water at 25 ° C # Reaction log10 K Units 1 -1.47 2 -2.59 - 3 -3.76 4 -10.32 9 1 mol L− × CO2(g ) ← ⎯⎯⎯⎯→CO2(aq) CO2(aq) + H2O← ⎯⎯⎯⎯→H2CO3 H2CO3 H HCO3 ⎯⎯→ + − ←⎯⎯ + 2 HCO3 H CO3 − ⎯⎯→ + − ←⎯⎯ + 1 1 mol L atm − − × × 1 mol L− × 1