Analyze and evaluate a middle range theory. You will select a middle range theory and identify application of nursing theories into clinical practice.
1. Components of the theory
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Discuss the major concepts of the theory
Philosophical basis or worldview change, advancing health
2. Structural aspects of the theory
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Discuss the framework of the theory.
3. Identify an area of your practice where this theory could be applicable
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What question does the theory help to answer?
Describe the area of interest in relationship to the theory/theoretical model.
Is it appropriate for the practice setting and is it applicable?
Discuss the strength and weakness of the theory. If there is weakness, discuss what makes it difficult to be used in practice.
Perceived Benefits of Action: A person's belief that a behavior will lead to positive outcomes.
Perceived Barriers to Action: The perceived obstacles or costs of a behavior.
Perceived Self-Efficacy: A person's belief in their ability to successfully perform the behavior.
Activity-Related Affect: The feelings (positive or negative) associated with a behavior.
Behavioral Outcome: The final action, which is the health-promoting behavior itself.
Philosophical Basis: The HPM is based on a biopsychosocial worldview. It acknowledges that health is a positive, proactive state, not merely the absence of disease. It emphasizes that a person's individual characteristics, psychological state, and social environment all contribute to their health choices. This view aligns with the modern nursing focus on wellness, prevention, and patient empowerment. The theory seeks to understand and influence the complex interplay of factors that lead to behavior change, ultimately advancing health.
2. Structural Aspects of the Theory
The framework of the HPM is a dynamic and interactive structure. The model's variables are not static; they influence each other in a continuous feedback loop. For example, a person's high perceived self-efficacy (a behavior-specific cognition) might be a result of their prior related behavior (an individual characteristic). The model's framework is designed to be a guide for health professionals to assess a patient's readiness for change and identify the most effective intervention points.
3. Application in Clinical Practice
I can identify a practical application of Pender's HPM in a community health clinic focused on chronic disease management, specifically for patients with pre-diabetes.
Question Answered: The theory helps to answer the question, "What factors will motivate this patient to adopt a healthier diet and exercise routine to prevent Type 2 Diabetes?"
Sample Answer
Components of the Theory
The Health Promotion Model is built on the premise that individuals' prior experiences and characteristics, along with various behavioral influences, affect their decisions to engage in health-promoting actions.
Major Concepts:
Individual Characteristics and Experiences: This includes a person's prior related behavior and personal factors (e.g., age, race, socioeconomic status). These factors directly and indirectly influence a person's motivation for health.
Behavior-Specific Cognitions and Affect: This is the core of the model. It includes several key variables: