Psychology

encoding (converting sensory input into neural activity for storage) and retrieval ( recalling stored memories through associative cues or recognition). If a person experiences something traumatic, such as witnessing a crime, their encoding process can be distorted by the intensity of emotions associated with the experience. The individual may not remember details accurately due to stress responses that interfere with accurate perception at the time of encoding. Additionally, if an eyewitness is questioned multiple times without sufficient time between each questioning session, they are more likely to incorporate inaccurate details from previous versions of their story into later versions. This type of post-event information tends to distort both episodic memories (memories related to events experienced) as well as semantic knowledge (general understanding about facts). Furthermore, prior beliefs can also play a role in how someone remembers an event; if one expects certain things will happen in an event or situation then one may fill in gaps or inaccuracies based on these expectations. For example, consider an eyewitness who has been called upon to identify a perpetrator in court after witnessing a robbery at convenience store – let’s call her Jane Doe. Before entering court she had heard rumors that Bobby Smith was involved in similar robberies around town before; therefore she has already formed preconceived notions about what he looks like even before seeing him. When shown photographs of potential suspects she immediately identifies Bobby as being present during her own robbery experience because his face seems familiar; however it turns out that Bobby was never present during her robbery but rather looked similar another suspect who was there instead - John Doe – whom Jane misidentified due Marty misleading information circulating around town prior to court proceedings. In other words false memories have caused Jane’s recollection accuracy judgemental error which could lead her testimony astray; potentially having serious consequences for innocent John Doe and others involved depending on how heavily her account weighs in court proceedings

Sample Solution

  The misinformation effect is a phenomenon that occurs when individuals are exposed to false information and incorporate this false information into their memories, leading them to incorrectly recall the details of an event. This phenomenon is due to the complex nature of memory formation and retrieval, coupled with the influence of pre-existing attitudes and beliefs. The brain's memory functions involve two processes: