schizoid personality disorders
Write a term paper that contains five full pages describing schizoid personality disorder from a biopsychosocial perspective.
Describe the disorder in terms of symptoms, describe biological, psychological, and social causes of the disorder and include information about treatment.
Symptoms may be described in terms of emotional symptoms, cognitive symptoms, behavioral symptoms, somatic symptoms, and impairment in social and occupational functioning.
Biological explanations may include the following: Brain structure and function, genetics, hormones, evolution/natural selection, neurotransmitters (oversupply, under supply, dysfunction)
Psychological explanations may include the following: Learning, memory, personality traits, cognition (thought patterns), trauma/stress, emotion/mood
Sociocultural explanations may include the following: Gender roles, socioeconomic status, locations (city or rural), school/education, cultural values, poverty
Treatment may include medications, cognitive therapy, behavioral therapy, group therapy, client centered therapy
From a biological perspective research suggests that individuals who suffer from SPD may have brain abnormalities involving prefrontal cortex regions responsible for emotion regulation which could account for certain symptoms like emotional blunting. There may be genetic linkages associated with the onset of the disorder although this has yet to be conclusively demonstrated. Hormonal changes stemming from stress hormones such as cortisol imbalance have been suggested as another possible factor influencing the onset of SPD by affecting neurotransmitters like dopamine and serotonin levels leading to an oversupply or under supply of these vital chemicals. Natural selection could also play a role whereby those exhibiting more pronounced schizoid tendencies are favored due to their survival advantages when exposed to extreme environments where little contact with other humans is required or beneficial.
Psychologically speaking researchers suggest learning theory may be at play wherein individuals learn to avoid social situations because they were negatively reinforced through experiences of being rejected or shamed by peers during childhood development stages leading them into adulthood seeking safety through avoidance tactics instead of risk taking behaviors necessary for interpersonal success. Memory deficits believed to contribute towards SPD might also stem form trauma experienced growing up which impacts how one views themselves relative to others resulting in poor self-esteem along with a tendency towards pessimistic thought patterns further reinforcing feelings of alienation and isolation from society at large despite healthy external influences being present all around them. Emotionally speaking low levels depression & anxiety tend accompany this mental health condition due mainly its association with loneliness & emptiness along side limited ability cope adequately when faced challenging situations requiring problem solving skills & empathy capabilities
Sociocultural factors provide additional insight into understanding why some individuals become afflicted by conditions like SPD particularly when trying comprehend differences between genders roles within specific societies creating unique challenges regaining balance necessary create equilibrium within community settings . Socioeconomic status can influence type environment person grows up alongside schooling opportunities available shaping personalities outcomes . Locations considered rural typically produce less stimuli compared cities stimulating creativity but often lead more isolated lives outside realm mainstream culture values contributing potential sense unease uncomfortable unfamiliarity while poverty presents clear limitations options want develop meaningful connections wider world confront stability issues everyday life needs met making it difficult survive let alone thrive
Treatment options available those suffering SPD include medication management using selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) aimed targeting negative thinking patterns through techniques restructuring beliefs & behaviors while replacing irrational beliefs positive statements , behavioral therapy focusing reducing avoidance techniques establishing replacement responses allowing patient cope better encountered stressful scenarios , group therapy giving opportunity meet interact others similar issues begin process improving communication skills comfort level among peers finally client centered therapy providing space explore internal struggles secure safe setting come terms conflicts feel free express complex thoughts emotions respective therapists helping direct journey healing recovery forward