Statistics

        1. Based on your understanding of relevant class discussions and CANVAS lecture notes, a. Use SPSS to calculate the appropriate average for each of the following regions from the Dataset: Eastern Europe and Central Asia, Middle East and North Africa, Europe, and East Asia and the Pacific. Note that you must generate region scores using the following values to represent the four regions in column A of the Dataset: Eastern Europe and Central Asia = Eastern Europe and Central Asia, Middle East and North Africa = Middle East and North Africa, Europe = Europe, and East Asia and the Pacific = East Asia and the Pacific 2. In at least 200 total words, explain whether Region in column A of the Dataset is a nominal, ordinal, interval, or ratio variable. Defend your explanation as clearly as possible based on relevant Lecture notes on CANVAS. 3. Based on Dataset For Computer Homework_Midterm Exam_Final Exam.xlsx in the Computer Homework Module under the Modules tab on CANVAS and based on the relevant class discussions, the relevant Lecture notes, and the relevant assigned chapter, a. use SPSS to calculate (i) the mean, (ii) the median, (iii) the mode, (iv) the range, (v) the standard deviation, (vi) the coefficient of variation, (vii) the variance, and (viii) an histogram for the Life Expectancy scores (in column D of the Dataset) for Middle East and North Africa b. use SPSS to calculate (i) the mean, (ii) the median, (iii) the mode, (iv) the range, (v) the standard deviation, (vi) the coefficient of variation, (vii) the variance, and (viii) an histogram for the Life Expectancy scores (in column D of the Dataset) Sub-Saharan Africa c. use SPSS to calculate (i) the mean, (ii) the median, (iii) the mode, (iv) the range, (v) the standard deviation, (vi) the coefficient of variation, (vii) the variance, and (viii) an histogram for the Life Expectancy scores (in column D of the Dataset) Latin America and Caribbean d. use SPSS to calculate (i) the mean, (ii) the median, (iii) the mode, (iv) the range, (v) the standard deviation, (vi) the coefficient of variation, (vii) the variance, and (viii) an histogram for the Life Expectancy scores (in column D of the Dataset) East Asia and the Pacific 4. Based on chapters 2 and 3 in Salkind, Neil J. Statistics for People Who (Think They) Hate Statistics (5th ed.). (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2014); and chapters 6 and 7 in Berman, Evan M. and XiaoHu Wang. Essential Statistics for Public Managers and Policy Analysts (3rd ed.). (Los Angeles, CA: Sage/CQ Press, 2012), a. Clearly compare in at least 200 total words (i) the means and (ii) standard deviations of the four regions (Middle East and North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and Caribbean, and East Asia and the Pacific) in your SPSS outputs for Question 3 above. Page 3 of 3 b. In at least 100 total words, clearly explain the region with the most representative mean. Note that most of the Life Expectancy scores of the region with the most representative mean must be clustered most closely around that region’s mean, as evident in that region’s histogram. The standard deviation for that same region must be greatly small. c. Do the following with the help of course material: i. In at least 70 total words, compare and discuss the coefficient of variations of the four regions (Middle East and North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and Caribbean, and East Asia and the Pacific) in your SPSS outputs for Question 3 above. ii. In at least 70 total words, explain the region with the most representative mean based on the comparison of the coefficient of variations in 4 (ci) above. iii. In at least 50 total words, describe how your current conclusion is different from your conclusion for Question 4(b) above when you based your judgment solely on the means and the standard deviations of the four regions (Middle East and North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America and Caribbean, and East Asia and the Pacific). Note that when samples (regions in your case) have different means on a ratio scale, it is misleading to use the standard deviations of the samples to determine the sample with the most representative mean. Instead, the coefficient of variation is more meaningful when samples have different means and are measured in different units on a ratio scale. So the sample with the most representative mean must have the lowest coefficient of variation.