Subcortical structures

The thalamus is often referred to as the “gateway” of sensory information as it passes from one part of the brain to another. It is composed of several distinct nuclei or clusters of neurons responsible for relaying messages from higher-level cortical areas to lower-level motor control centers in the brain stem and spinal cord. The thalamic nuclei also help regulate states such as sleep and arousal by controlling our levels of alertness or drowsiness. The hypothalamus sits immediately below the thalamus and is primarily responsible for maintaining homeostasis or balance within our bodies by controlling vital functions such as hunger, thirst, body temperature regulation, sexual behavior and emotionality. This area also contains special neurons called neurosecretory cells that produce hormones necessary for normal growth and development throughout life. The basal ganglia are a collection of deep gray matter structures located at either side of the third ventricle in each hemisphere just above midbrain level that contain highly interconnected neurons involved in processes related to movement coordination including posture control, voluntary muscular activity initiation and maintenance as well as automaticity learning performance exploration activities like habit formation. In addition, these structures play a key role in reward based behavior activities such as motivation seeking behaviors initiated by substances like drugs or alcohols conditioned responses associated with memories retrieved from past experiences concerning objects places sights smells etc… Finally there is what we know now about how emotions are processed through neural networks centered around two main anatomical loci: (1) medial temporal lobe which directly interacts with dorsolateral prefrontal cortex amygdala hippocampus insular cortices among other regions while (2) limbic system consisting mainly out of cingulate gyrus nucleus accumbens septum amygdala hippocampus along with certain parts present within striatum caudate putamen globus pallidus olfactory tubercle have been proposed largely due its role on emotion memory reward respectability attribution theory processing decision making etc…In conclusion all these components together make up complex yet highly functional systems known today has SubCortical Structures intricately linked towards conscious awareness perceptions desires action plans execution outcomes monitoring feedback modification future planning goals achievement reminisce retrievement motivational states incentives self-reflection insight wisdom empathy compassion determination strength love happiness success fulfillment sorrow grief anger fear anxiety despair panic helplessness depression loneliness worry distrust frustration irritableness guilt remorse shame disgust humiliation apathy boredom fatigue sluggishness henceforth ultimately playing their part during everyday human functioning inside societies & cultures .