The project initiation and planning phase

          In those organizations that do an excellent job of IS planning, why might projects identified from a bottom-up process still find their way into the project initiation and planning phase of the life cycle? Please provide two examples. Valacich, J. S., & George, J. F. (2019). Modern systems analysis and design (9th ed.). Pearson. Print ISBN: 978-0135172759 eText ISBN: 978-0135172841