The transformation from World Empires to a World System (Gelvin’s words

Part 1. Question 1:In the transformation from World Empires to a World System (Gelvin’s words), Europe goes from being far behind the Ottomans to dominating the new system. Why?
Part 2. Examining two nationalist movements, Palestinian Nationalism and European Zionism we can see many challenges the region faced in moving from an imperial age to one of nation-states. Discuss one of the questions below and cover both sides of the experience as you discuss the concepts.. Question 2: All over the world a new ideology of nationalism redefined how people thought about their communities and their relationship with the state. Discuss how both the Palestinian Arab nationalist movement and the European Zionist movement reflect this new ideology of nationalism as discussed by Gelvin. (concentrate on pre WWI here)