Use active voice and past tense in the abstract, but the present tense may be used to describe conclusions and implications- Acronyms, or abbreviations, should be defined in the abstract.

Use active voice and past tense in the abstract, but the present tense may be used to describe conclusions and implications- Acronyms, or abbreviations, should be defined in the abstract. State in as few words as possible the main idea, or thesis of the article State in as few words as possible the outline of the line of argumentation used by the author to support the thesis. No more than 170 Words