Metamorphic rocks are rocks that have been changed in texture, mineralogy, and
even chemical composition by the application of heat, pressure, chemically active
fluids. Before they became metamorphic rocks, they were other kinds of rocksigneous, sedimentary, or even other metamorphic rocks. The precursor to the
observed metamorphic rock is know as its protolith (to put it in simple words, the
protolith is the rock that got metamorphosed). The key issue concerning metamorphic
rocks is that the metamorphism is usually associated with plate tectonic processes
such as continent- continent collisions (regional metamorphism) and/or contact of
magma or lava (thermal, or contact metamorphism). For the purpose of this course,
metamorphic rocks are classified as either foliated (which means they appear to have
a layered-like structure where minerals are aligned in one direction) or nonfoliated.
Foliated metamosphic rocks are usually formed during regional metamorphism. Nonfoliated metamorphic rocks are usually formed during thermal metamorphism
(although they can be formed during regional metamorphism, too.)
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The original rock (A: Protolith) gets
pressurized and squeezed. It turn into
the metamorphic rock (B). In the
metamorphic rock, we can see some
layer-like trend (Foliation: Red line
on B) due to the pressure. From the
foliation, we can find the direction of
the pressure.
(A) (B)
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1. Biotite
   Gneiss
2. Graphite
   Schist
3. Staurolite
   Mica Schist
4. Garnet Mica
   Schist
5. Chlorite
   Schist
   photo
   Type of
   Metamorphic
   Rock
   Foliated or
   Non-foliated
   Components
   Protolith
   Notes
   Exercise 1a: Identification of Metamorphic Rocks
   Identify the metamorphic rocks. Fill in the blanks (1-5).
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6. Slate 7. Phyllite 8. Talc
   (Soapstone)
7. Quartzite 10.
   Serpentinite
   photo
   Type of
   Metamorphic
   Rock
   Foliated or
   Non-foliated
   Components
   Protolith
   Notes
   Exercise 1b: Identification of Metamorphic Rocks
   Identify the metamorphic rocks. Fill in the blanks (6-10).
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8. Epidosite 12. Marble 13.
   Serpentinte
   Marble
9. Amphibolite 15. Hornfels
   photo
   Type of
   Metamorphic
   Rock
   Foliated or
   Non-foliated
   Components
   Protolith
   Notes
   Exercise 1c: Identification of Metamorphic Rocks
   Identify the metamorphic rocks. Fill in the blanks (1-5).
   Exercise 2a: Fill in the Metamorphic Rock name in the blanks
   Exercise 2b: Fill in the Metamorphic Rock name in the blanks
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   Exercise 3: Fill in the Metamorphic Rock name in the blanks
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   Schist?
   Gneiss?