- Pick an infectious organism. What is its scientific name? Does it have a common name? 2. Identify the type of microorganism (virus, bacterium, fungus, protozoan, helminth, arthropod) responsible for the infectious disorder. 3. What were the symptoms of the disorder? 4. What were some signs of the disorder? 5. What was the mode of transmission? 6. What were the portals of entry? 7. What were the portals of exit? 8. Can you prevent future occurrence of the disorder? If so, how? A couple of notes: 1. Choose a topic no one else has chosen. You can “claim” a disease by posting the name now and come back later and edit your post with your research.
Use knowledge of biological principles and the Scientific Method to ask and answer relevant questions about human health and disease Analyze information to distinguish between diseased and healthy structure and functioning. Analyze how intemal and extemal factors cause disruption of healthy body function, leading to disease and disorders.
Mr. Smith is 60 years old. He was diagnosed with a prostate cancer five years ago. Over the past few days, Mr. Smith has been feeling weak and increasingly tired and has also been suffering from a headache that did not respond to over-the-counter medications. He scheduled an appointment with his physician. His physician performed a physical examination and recommended a battery of laboratory tests and imaging procedures.
6 of 19 The table below shows Reference values in the right-hand column. These values reflect the normal range of values for patients without disease or illness. The center column reflects the resulting values for medical test results obtained for Mr. Smith. Take note whether Mr. Smith’s values are within normal limits. Mr. Smith Reference Values 2.6 mmol/L 3.8-4.9mmoVL Hb (Hemoglobin) 7.5 g/dL 13.8 to 18.2 g/dL Hct (Hematocrit) 20.4% 45-52% Platelet Count 49×10 /L 150-400×10 /L
After receiving Mr. Smith’s test results, his physician admits him to the hospital. Hospital staff treated him and discharged him. The following week, tvlr. Smith retums to his physician with the same complaint of weakness and a new complaint of shortness of breath. His blood pressure is 160/100 mmHg. MRI reveals metastasis of prostate cancer to osseous tissue. Abdominal CT shows obstruction of intestine due to nodular enlargement of adrenal glands.
Laboratory results from Mr. Smith’s second hospital admission and medical tests show following findings:
CONCLUSION AND DIAGNOSIS Laboratory findings, tvIRI and CT confirmed metastatic prostate adenocarcinoma, hypertension and refractory hypokalemia due to ectopic ACTH production. High levels of circulating cortisol caused continuous activation of mineralocorticoid receptors resulting in hypokalemia. metabolic alkalosis and hypertension.
After reading provided scenario, answer the following questions: 1. What are the components of physical examination? Describe each component. (See Module 1 , Commentary, Topic 8. Disease Categories, Part B. Steps in Diagnosis) 2. Mr. Smith’s blood pressure was 1 60/1 00 mmHg. How does a medical provider take or measure blood pressure? What do the top (numerator) and bottom (denominator) numbers mean in the biological sense? What is the significance the size of these two numbers? Is Mr. Smith’s blood pressure within normal range? Explain how you concluded whether Mr. Smith’s blood pressure is/is not Mthin normal range. 3. Based on the data provided, what laboratory tests were performed and what samples were taken from the patient? Select one of the laboratory tests ordered for Mr. Smith and discuss why Mr. Smith’s physician might have ordered the test and the information she might have expected to obtain from that particular test. 4. Compare Mr. Smith’s values with reference values and indicate whether MR. Smith’s values are below, above, or within normal range (compare Mr. Smith’s values with the Reference values) for each laboratory tests in the table above from the second set of tests. 5. What imaging procedures did Mr. Smith undergo? Discuss the distinctions and similarities between the two different imaging approaches. What were the results of imaging procedures in Mr. Smith’s case? 6. Select one of the medical terms from the CONCLUSION and DIAGNOSIS section above and define what it means.