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1.Q (4) p. 38 — Ukrainian & Polish
1. The /r/ phoneme in Ukrainian corresponds to how many phoneme(s) in Polish?
2. What are these Polish phoneme correspondences?
3. One of these sounds is conditioned to show up when it’s adjacent to a particular phoneme. Describe the condition for when this sound surfaces.
2. Q (5) p. 38 — Ukrainian & Polish
1. Identify one pair of words Polish borrowed from Ukrainian.
2. Explain why you chose this pair.
3. Bonus: Identify one pair of words that Ukrainian borrowed from Polish. Explain your solution.
3. Q (6) p. 39 — English, German, French, Irish, Russian, Italian
1. Compare and contrast the differences in word order you observe between each of these languages and English?
4. Q (4) p. 72 — English & Latin
1. Given all the data presented from the four languages, did English split one phoneme into two, or did Latin merge two phonemes into one?
2. Explain how you came to your answer.
5. Q (7) p. 73 — Romance
1. Reconstruct the proto-sound for the first phoneme: /k/ or /ʃ/ ‘she’
2. Reconstruct the proto-sound for the second phoneme: /a/ or /ɛ/ ‘egg’
3. Reconstruct the proto-sound for the third phoneme: /p/, /b/, or /v/
4. Given the Latin name for the zodiac sign is Capricorn, explain why the reconstruction based solely on the forms in the majority of the descendant languages is wrong?
5. What is an alternative sound change principle at work here?
Book: Languages of the World: An Introduction by Asya Pereltsvaig (2020, 3rd Ed.) Published by Cambridge U Press