Applied Climatology

  1). How many components are in the climate system (list each by name)? What is the definition for the response time? List the response times for the atmosphere, ocean, and biosphere. Why is the response time of the ocean longer than the one of the atmosphere? Explain the biosphere’s response time. 2) List five variables that are included in the normal ground measurement, as well as their units and normal ranges. Describe one possible error for precipitation measurements and one possible scheme to overcome some problems. 3) What are Polar-Orbiting Satellites and Geostationary satellites? Give one advantage and one disadvantage for each. (5 pts) 4) Discuss the main considerations in designing the TOGA field measurement. (15pts) Note: (1) You do not need to discuss the cost.