Criminal Justice on the Canadian and European Border

Brunet-Jailly (2006) states, “Clearly, American security policy changes have been more radical than those in Canada, which some argue is because the U.S. had a modernization deficit in their border administration and infrastructure. In 400 to 500 words, describe what the author means by modernization deficit? You may need to seek other literature to answer this question. Make sure you cite correctly according to APA Writing Style format (6 th edition)