Distinction between time-biased media and space-biased media

1. Both Marshack and Franklin are concerned about the correlation between what is true and what is useful. What is the difference? Or is there one? 2. Does the distinction between time-biased media and space-biased media help us understand how societies organize knowledge and societies? How do certain “biases” of technologies affect the way in which we think about and organize society today? 3. What connections does Havelock make among alphabetic literacy, rational thought, and democracy? Do you agree with him? 4. What is the relationship between Innis’s space-biased technologies and Franklin’s prescriptive technologies? How does Franklin connect prescriptive technologies with a culture of compliance? 5. Explain technological determinism and its relationship to reification (define reification). Was Innis, or any other writer discussed in this unit, a determinist? Do you detect determinist thinking about technologies in news and discussions today?