The American Psychological Association (APA) has a Code of Conduct which describes rules concerning
ethics in psychological experiments, and review boards are in place to enforce these ethics. But in the past, the
standards were not so strict, which is how some very famous studies in psychology came about.
Read about (and watch) the following psychological studies that would, today, be considered unethical.
The Milgram Experiment
Yale psychologist Stanley Milgram hoped to further understand how so many people came to participate in the
cruel acts of the Holocaust. He theorized that people are generally inclined to obey authority figures, posing the
question, “Could it be that Eichmann and his million accomplices in the Holocaust were just following orders?
Could we call them all accomplices?” In 1961, he began to conduct experiments of obedience.
Watch the following video: Obedience to Authority
At Johns Hopkins University in 1920, John Watson conducted a study of classical conditioning on a 9-monthold baby he called Albert B. The young boy started the experiment loving animals, particularly a white rat, but
when Watson started pairing the presence of the rat with the loud sound of a hammer hitting metal, Albert
began to develop a fear of the white rat as well as most animals and furry objects.
Watch the following video: Little Albert
The Blue Eyes and Brown Eyes Experiment
Jane Elliott was not a psychologist, but she developed a controversial exercise in 1968 by dividing students
into a blue-eyed group and a brown-eyed group, in an attempt to give her students hands-on experience with
discrimination.
Watch the following video: A Class Divided
Once you have watched and learned about each experiment, choose one experiment to study in more depth.
Conduct research online to learn more about that experiment, and then complete the assignment.
Choose ONE of the experiments above and construct a 2-page paper based on the following