QUESTION 1
Some language use _, which are bound that are placed inside the lexical morpheme. For example, in Nicaraguan Spanish /-it-/ is inserted inside names to express the diminutive (endearment): Edgar → Edguítar
__ are bound morphemes that have two parts: one part goes before the stem, and the other part goes after it. An example from Kabyle (a Berber language in Algeria) is the feminine marker /θ–θ/, so /issli/ means ‘groom’ while /θissliθ/ means ‘bride”
_ is a type of affix that is placed in front of the stem, for example: “pre” in “predetermined”
a type of bound morpheme that is added to the end of a stem, for example: “al” in “national”
examples of this type of bound morpheme are: prefix, infix, circumfix, suffix
A. suffic
B. affix
C. free
D. circumfix
E. prefix
F. infix
QUESTION 2
Divide the following word into its component morphemes and decide for each morpheme:
a. Whether it is free or bound
b. What kind of affix is involved (if any)
c. Whether the affix (if any) is inflectional or derivational.
Disinfectants
Demagnetized
overnight-administrator
enlightened
QUESTION 3
Describe one of the following word creation processes and provide your own example: (only 1)
Affixation, compounding, reduplication, suppletion, alternation
QUESTION 4
- Identify the syntactic category of the underlined word in each of the following sentences. (Please recheck before submitting as sometimes scrolling with your mouse will mess up the answers) (If possible, just write the correct answer next to it instead of using the options to choose)
She didn’t realize he was going to show up at the party.
My friend has always been an important source of support for me.
A convincing argument may not always be factually accurate.
She did not even try to finish her homework on time.
I saw that that literature review I read was scathing.
The literature suggests that not all caterories are universal.
She thought that what she had heard was not a very unlikely story.
She thought that what she had heard was not a very likely story.
A. Tense
B. Verb
C. Preposition
D. Conjunction
E. Negation
F. Complementizer
G. Adjective
H. Adjective
I. Determiner
QUESTION 5
Identify the syntactic category of the underlined phrase in each of the following sentences (Some will be used more than once). (Please recheck before submitting as sometimes scrolling with your mouse will mess up the answers) (If possible, just write the correct answer next to it instead of using the options to choose)
My incredibly loyal friend has always been an important source of support for me.
She couldn’t believe that I can’t eat bananas because of my allergy
No one in their right mind would go to that store.
The woman ate her picnic by the ocean.
She didn’t plan to leave her house without any money in her pockets.
A. Noun Phrase
B. Prepositional Phrase
C. Verb Phrase
D. Tense Phrase
QUESTION 6
Tell whether the underlined word(s) are a constituent. Use a constituency test and provide an example: (Green Section) (Answer All)
She’s always giving me a hard time.
Some students came looking for their teacher.
I told my students to finish all their homework on time.
QUESTION 7
Identify whether or not the following set of antonyms are gradable or complementary. (Please recheck before submitting as sometimes scrolling with your mouse will mess up the answers) (If possible, just write the correct answer next to it instead of using the options to choose)
entrance – exit
slow – fast
up – down
loose – tight
yes – no
A. complementary
B. gradable
Question 8
Match the following set of words with their lexical semantic descriptions. (Please recheck before submitting as sometimes scrolling with your mouse will mess up the answers) (If possible, just write the correct answer next to it instead of using the options to choose)
Perfect (“They need to perfect their lectures” vs. “Now, it’s perfect”)
your – youre
Rejct (Why did she reject my proposal? versus This is the reject pile)
Media – newspaper
A. heteronym
B. homonym
C. Synonym
Question 9)
Provide 1 example of Hyponyms with their appropriate Hypernyms (use your own example). Indicate which is which.
QUESTION 10)
Please write on entailment for the following sentences: (Answer ALL)
Not everyone received a letter from their congresswoman.
John’s cat ran away
QUESTION 11)
Pick ONE questions and answer them. Remember that you need to use your own words. (only one)
- Describe what prototype is and provide 1 example of it.
- Describe what deixis is and provide 1 example of it.
- What’s the difference between reference and sense? Provide an example.
QUESTION 12)
Why is the flat tree structure not the most ideal structure to visually represent the syntactic structure of phrases and sentences?
QUESTION 13)
What are truth conditionals and why are they important to Semantics? Provide an example.
QUESTION 14)
Intersection is a topic discussed in compositional semantics. What does it mean? Provide an example.
SCROLL DOWN
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
Morphology of other languages:
Sierra Popoluca (9 points)
Analyze the following data from Sierra Popoluca, a Mixe-Zoquean language spoken in Veracruz State, Mexico.
miñpa ‘he comes’ se:tpa ‘he returns’
miñum ‘he came’ se:tyahpa ‘they return’
miñyahpa ‘they come’ se:tyahum ‘they returned’
miñyahum ‘they came’ se:tpanam ‘he still returns’
miñumtyim ‘he also came’ se:tpatyim ‘he also returns’
miñyahumtyim ‘they also came’ se:tyahpanam ‘they still return’
Give the Sierra Popoluca morphemes for the following; remember that not all languages encode the same meanings as English. Hint: there is no morpheme for ‘he’ in this language.
- still _____________
- they _____________
- past tense _____________
- also _____________
- present tense _____________
Give the Sierra Popoluca forms for the following:
- ‘they still come’ _____________
- ‘he returned’ _____________
Give the English translation for the following:
- se:tyahumtyim _____________
- miñumnam _____________
Tree Structure:
Pick two of the following five sentences and draw syntactic trees for them. Please provide your tree drawing on the additional piece of paper provided for you. (2 points each)
- The cow jumped over the moon.
- The boy enjoyed the movies.
- The dog chased after the mouse.
- Some people want more pictures.
- The child spilled milk.
Extra Credit: (6 points in total)
Ordering
- Explain 1) whether or not there is a specific ordering in adding morphemes, 2) if there is, what is the ordering. (1 point each)
a) Unsystematic
b) Reclassified
Morphology (Russian)
- Below is data that shows how to create an adverb from an adjective. What’s the morpheme for an adjective and adverb, based on these data? Provide in words what is the rule for this change (for example, how would you explain this to a friend)? Also, tell me what type of affix the morpheme for an adverb and adjective is and also whether it is derivational or inflectional. (1.5 points)
krasivyj “good” krasivo “well”
bystryj “quick” bystro “quickly”
smelyj “brave” smelo “bravely”
- Below is an example of the preposition “with” in Russian. Please tell me what the morpheme is. If there are more than one morpheme for “with” what are they. Is it a morpheme or are there several allomorphs? Explain your answer. Hint “with” is not a bound morpheme. (1.5 points)
s drugom “with friend” s trudom “with difficulty”
so stenoj “with wall” so svadboj “with wedding”
s vnimaniem “with attention” so slovom “with word”
Provide an example of a word that uses more than one word creation process to create a word. Name the 2 or more different word creation processes that are involved. (1 point)