Nursing theory

Nurses have a notable history of appreciating art and creating aesthetically pleasing environments to enhance healing and well-being. Familiar examples include the use of music to create a sense of calm, visual arts to convey health and illness experiences, dance or free-form movement to enhance physical coordination and strength, and drawing as a therapeutic modality. Works of art have also been used to illustrate and interpret meanings of health and illness experiences in education and research (Chinn & Watson, 1994 (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.; Darbyshire, 1994 (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.; Lamb, 2009 (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.; Liehr et al., 2013 (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.; Dean, 2013 (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.; Pellico & Chinn, 2007 (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.). Although we acknowledge and encourage these therapeutic uses of artistic processes, this is not the focus that concerns aesthetic knowledge development, and this is different from what we are addressing as “the art of nursing.” Rather, aesthetic knowledge development is directed toward those aspects of knowing that are essential to the “doing” of nursing itself, which is what we consider “the art of nursing” (Chinn and Kramer)
Select either Newman or Parse and discuss their respective theories. Include the background, for example, were they influenced by another theorist, how did they develop the theory, the key concepts, and how you might apply this theory in practice and how the theory addresses the art of nursing..