Variation in the practice of medicine

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Much of the current literature suggests that there is a great deal of variation in the practice of medicine resulting in patients being undertreated, over-treated, or treated with the wrong interventions. One of the fundamental objectives of care utilization management is the reduction of that variation in practice by using resources that are cost-effective and that are based on parameters to contain cost. With this concept in mind, what do you think are the advantages and disadvantages of “cost-effective care”? Discuss this in the context of you or a family member having an acute (and expensive) illness.
Resources
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jeanne_Lenzer/publication/231864466_Unnecessary_care_Are_doctors_in_denial_and_is_profit_driven_healthcare_to_blame/links/0046352b8228ec410d000000/Unnecessary-care-Are-doctors-in-denial-and-is-profit-driven-healthcare-to-blame.pdf